I roto i ngā āhuatanga au nui pērā i te pūngao hou, te hangarau hiko me te whakahaere ahumahi, ko te whakapiko i te pito hiko te tukanga matua hei whakarite i te hononga hiko haumaru. E whakaatu ana ngā tatauranga e 35% o ngā ahi hiko i puta mai i ngā hononga pito hiko ngoikore, ngoikore rānei. Hei tawhā matua o te tukanga whakapiko, ko te ōwehenga kōpeketanga te whakatau tika i te kaha miihini me te kawe hiko o ngā hononga. E whakamārama ana tēnei tuhinga i te awhe ōwehenga kōpeketanga tino pai, te tātai tatau, ngā āhuatanga awe me ngā mahi matua mō te whakapiko i te pito hiko au nui, ka taea te whakamahi tonu.
I. He aha te Tauwehenga Kōpeketanga? Kia mārama ki tōna whakamāramatanga matua i te tuatahi
Ko te ōwehenga kōpeketanga (e mōhiotia ana ko te tere kōpeketanga, ko te tere kōpeketanga rānei) e ine ana i te ōwehenga huringa o te horahanga whakawhiti-wāhanga o te ara iahiko i mua me muri i te whakapiko, e whakaata ana i te piriponotanga o te taunga i waenga i ngā ara iahiko me ngā pito. E rua ngā tikanga tatau matua i roto i te umanga.
USCAR-21 (E whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā mara motuka me te mana, te tere kōpeketanga)
Ōwehenga Kōpeketanga (%) = 100×(1 - Te horahanga whakawhiti-wāhanga o te kaiārahi i muri i te whakapiko / Te horahanga whakawhiti-wāhanga ingoa o te kaiārahi i mua i te whakapiko)
Tauira: I mua i te whakapiko, ka whakaitihia te horahanga whakawhiti o tētahi ara iahiko 50mm² i muri i te whakapiko, ā, ka whakaitihia te ōwehenga kōpeketanga o te 20%.
VW 60330 (E whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā paerewa Tiamana me ngā mara ahumahi, ōwehenga whakakīkī)
Ōwehenga Pēhanga (%) = Te horahanga whakawhiti-wāhanga o te kaiārahi i muri i te whakapiko / Te horahanga whakawhiti-wāhanga ingoa o te kaiārahi i mua i te whakapiko × 100%
Tauira: Mena ko te horahanga o te ara iahiko muri-kui e 80% o te horahanga taketake, ko te ōwehenga kōpeketanga he 80%.
II. Te Awhe Tauwehenga Kōpeketanga Tino Pai mō te Whakakorikori Pūrua Au-Tiketike
Ngā whakaritenga matua mō ngā tono au-rahi (ngā kaiārahi parahi, 6–400mm²): te ātete iti ki te pa atu, te kaha kume teitei, te ātete pāmahana pai rawa atu me te ātete wiri. Ka rerekē ngā awhe e tika ana i runga i te rauemi me te horopaki mahi.
1. Ngā ara iahiko parahi (e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā ahumahi pūngao hou, hiko me te whakahaere ahumahi)
Te whānuitanga pai whānui: 15%–25% (tere kōpeketanga) / 75%–85% (ōwehenga kōpeketanga)
Ngā horopaki kua wehea:
Iahiko teitei noa (6–95mm²): 18%–22% te tere pēhanga, te ātete taurite me te kaha.
Iahiko tino nui (120–400mm²): Ōwehenga kōpeketanga 22%–25%. Me nui ake te pēhanga hei wawahi i ngā paparanga waikura.
Wiri auau-teitei (ngā waka pūngao hou / ngā waka tereina): ōwehenga kōpeketanga 15%–20%, ārai i te whati o te aho waea i te kōpeketanga nui rawa.
2. Kaiārahi konumohe (taura hiko / pae pahi)
He ngāwari te konumohe ki te waikura, ā, he ngoikore te ngāwari. Me nui ake te ōwehenga kōpeketanga hei wawahi i te kiriata waikura: 30%–50% te ōwehenga kōpeketanga, 50%–70% te ōwehenga kōpeketanga.
3. Ngā Tohutoro Paerewa Ahumahi
Paerewa ā-Motu GB/T 14315-2008: Te ōwehenga kōpeketanga o te taura hiko 20%-30%
IEC 60352-2: Te ōwehenga kōpeketanga kore-tūhono 15%–25%
USCAR-21 (Paerewa Aunoa): Ōwehenga kōpeketanga 15%–20%, ōwehenga korenga＜10%
III. Ngā Huanga o te Tauwehenga Kōpeketanga Tino Teitei, Tino Iti rānei
✅ He iti te ōwehenga kōpeketanga (<15%)
He koretake te hononga i waenganui i te ara iahiko me te pito, he pikinga tere o te ātete pa. He nui te wera e puta mai ana i raro i te iahiko nui me te pikinga pāmahana neke atu i te 50℃.
Kāore i te rawaka te kaha kukume, iti iho i te 80% o te uara paerewa, ka ngāwari te wetekina me te taka i raro i te wiri.
Mā ngā āputa nui ka uru te makuku me te puehu ki roto, ka tere ake ai te waikura me te waikura.
✅ Te ōwehenga kōpeketanga tino teitei (>30%)
Ka nui rawa te rerekētanga o ngā waea parahi, ka whati rānei ngā aho, ka heke te kaha kawe iahiko.
Ka ngatata me te rerekētanga o te pakitara o te pito, ka ngaro te kaha ā-ringa.
Ka pākaru te kukū o te ahotea ā-rohe i raro i te whānui me te whakawhāititanga wera mō te wā roa.
IV. Ngā Take Matua e Toru hei Whakatau i te Ōwehenga Kōpeketanga e Tika ana
1. Rauemi arataki
Parahi: He pai te ngāwari, te ōwehenga kōpeketanga 15%-25%
Konumohe: Paparanga waikura mārō, ōwehenga kōpeketanga 30%-50%
Konumohe parahi-whakakikoruatia: Awhe waenga, ōwehenga kōpeketanga 20%-30%
2. Momo pūrua
Te pito ngongo (OT/UT): ōwehenga kōpeketanga 18%–22%, he pai ake te mate hexagonal
Pūrua tuwhera (SC): ōwehenga kōpeketanga 20%–25%, me whai taha tuwhera kiato
Pūngao hou mō te pūngao teitei (LV): ōwehenga kōpeketanga 15%–20%, hoahoa ātete-whatu
3. Ngā taputapu whakakoi me ngā mate
Ngā kūmau whakapiko waipēhi (16–24t): He pai mō te 6–400mm², te ōwehenga kōpeketanga pumau 20%–25%
Mate hexagonal: Te ahotea ōrite, te hapa kōpeketanga＜±2%, kōwhiringa pai
Mate porowhita: Mō te whakamahinga māmā anake, hapa nui ±5%, kāore i te tūtohutia mō te iahiko tino nui
V. Mahi Whaihua: Whakahaere Tauwehenga Pēhanga me te Tirotiro Kounga
1. Ngā Tukanga Whakahaere Tika
Te whakataurite i ngā whakatakotoranga: Te whakataurite i ngā pito, ngā mate me te whakawhiti-waea kotahi-ki-te-kotahi
Te tango i te huruhuru: Ko te roa o te tango he rite ki te hohonu o te whatu me te 1-2mm, kia mau tonu ngā whenu me te kore he waikura, he kopa rānei.
Te whakamahinga hinu kawe: Tāpirihia te hinu matū ki ngā kawe parahi me te hinu motuhake ki ngā kawe konumohe hei tango i te kiriata waikura.
Te mahi kume: Whakauruhia te arataki kia tino uru, pēhia kia tae ki te uara kua tohua, pupuri i te pēhanga mō te 3-5 hēkona, kumehia kia 2-3 ngā tūranga
Manatoko kōpeketanga: Inehia te diameter o waho i muri i te whakapiko, te hapa ōwehenga whakahaere i roto i te ±2%
2. Ngā Paearu Tirotiro Kounga Whakahau
Āhua: Kāore he kapiti, he pupuhi, he ara iahiko e kitea ana, he kōhao ōrite
Ahu: Te rerekētanga o te diameter o waho ≤±5%, te ōwehenga kōpeketanga i roto i te awhe kua tohua
Hiko: Ātete whakapā ≤1.1 ngā wā o te arataki roa-rite, pikinga pāmahana ≤30℃ i muri i te whakamātautau iahiko teitei 1-hāora
Ā-ringa: Ka tutuki te kaha kukume i te paerewa (te arataki aho ≥80N), kāore he wetewete, he whati rānei ngā aho
VI. Whakarāpopototanga: Ngā Tau Matua mō te Whakakorikori Au-Tiketike
Kaiārahi parahi (6–400mm²): Te ōwehenga kōpeketanga tino pai 18%–22%, te ōwehenga kōpeketanga 78%–82%
Kaiārahi konumohe: Ōwehenga kōpeketanga 30%–50%
Mātāpono matua: Āraia te kore e ranea, te nui rawa rānei o te whakapiko. Me taurite ngā matihao, me te whakahaere tika, me te tirotiro pakari hoki hei whakakore i ngā tūponotanga koretake o te hononga.
Ka whakamahia e te hononga au teitei AMASS te pūrua hei āwhina i a koe ki te pupuri i ngā hononga pumau i roto i ngā horopaki tono pēnei i te wiri kaha nui, ngā pānga pāmahana teitei me te iti e auau ana, te iti o te rōrahi, me te au teitei.
Wā tuku: Mei-25-2026